• 2023-01-06

Walnut Cultivation

Basic information

1. The temperature

The annual average temperature suitable for walnut growth is 8-15℃.The extreme minimum temperature shall not be lower than -30 ℃, the maximum temperature shall not be higher than 38℃, and the frost-free period shall be more than 150 days.

2. Water

Walnuts are moist and sensitive to soil moisture conditions.

The annual precipitation of walnut main producing areas ranges from 500mm to 700mm.In areas with high temperature, high humidity and precipitation of more than 1300mm, walnut branches grow thin, flower bud differentiation is difficult, and the disease is serious.

3. Lighting

The optimum temperature of walnut photosynthesis was 27℃, the light compensation point was 700lx, and the light saturation point was 60000lx.

The annual sunshine hours of high-quality walnut producing areas in China are above 1800h.

4. Soil

Walnut has a wide adaptability to soil, with the optimum pH range of 6.4 to 7.2.

Walnut is a deep root fruit tree, in a certain depth of soil drought, soil impact is not big.

Cultivation guide

1. Planting

Planting time is spring or autumn, spring before germination, should be early rather than late.Autumn after the leaves, should be late rather than early.

The row spacing of early maturing and small crown varieties is generally 4m*5m, 400-500 trees per hectare.Results for late varieties, the row spacing was 5*6m.300 plants per hectare.

2. Soil, fertilizer and water management

Before spring germination and after rain in summer and autumn, dig trees with a depth of more than 20cm and bury weeds in the soil.

Nitrogen and potassium are the accumulated elements in walnut fruits.The main elements absorbed per 100kg of walnut fruits are 1.47kg of nitrogen, 0.10kg of phosphorus, 0.47kg of potassium, 0.16kg of calcium and 0.04kg of magnesium.

After harvest in autumn, combine with deep ploughing of soil, apply manure 100-150kg per plant, calcium magnesium phosphate 3-5kg.

Available nitrogen was applied before germination and 1.5-2kg was applied to each adult tree.

Urea 1-1.5kg, superphosphate 2-3kg and potassium sulfate 0.5-1kg were applied to each plant at the hard core stage.

During the dry period, combined fertilization can promote the increase of yield.

3. Cultivation

Walnuts are pruned in the autumn before their leaves turn yellow after harvest.If spring pruning is carried out, it is advisable to do it before spring germination.

Young trees to have distinct central trunk, 5-7 main branches.The fixed trunk height is 1.2-1.5m, and 3 layers of main branches are selected on the central trunk.

Results pruning, to prevent the chamber of emptiness and the results of the site outside, from the chamber of selection to stay strong oblique branches or upward branches.

In this paper, the fruiting branch group was transformed from the bare branch, and the methods of heart picking in summer and ring cutting after autumn were adopted to promote the branching.

4. Harvest

The walnuts should not be harvested until they are fully ripe.Early harvest makes peel difficult to peel.It is advisable for walnut peel to turn from green to yellow and part of peel to split or fall off.

Harvested fruit such as shell has cracked 50%, easy to peel naturally.

For those that cannot be removed, pile 1000-1500kg of fruit into a pile, cover them with straw mat, retting 2-3d, and then tear them apart, and gently knock them with a wooden stick to peel them off.

The peeled walnuts were washed with water within 3 hours.Bleach solution is prepared by adding 1-1.5kg of bleach powder to 100kg of water.

The rinsing time of walnut is 8-10min, after rinsing, walnut is timely dried or dried.Generally about drying a week can be.