• 2023-01-16

hawthorn Maintenance knowledge

Growing environment

Born on the edge of a hillside or in a thicket. 100-1500 meters above sea level.

Hawthorn has strong adaptability, likes cool, moist environment, both cold and high temperature resistance, can grow between -36 ~ 43℃. It is generally distributed in barren hills, balding mountains, sunny slopes, semi-sunny slopes and valleys. The slope is better at 15 ~ 25 degrees. Drought tolerance, too much water, branches and leaves easy to grow. Soil requirements are not strict, but in the deep soil layer, fertile texture, loose, well drained slightly acidic sandy loam grow well.

Cultivation technique

Select a place to grow seedlings

Select the deep fertile soil flat land, hills and mountain gentle slope section, with the best southeast slope, north slope, northeast slope. Attention should be paid to water storage, drainage and irrigation and drought prevention.

Hawthorn seed cultivation of seedlings, known as solid stock seedlings. Rootstock seedlings generally need to be grafted to become hawthorn for cultivation. Hawthorn seed shell thick and hard, the seeds are not easy to absorb water expansion or cracking. In addition, seed kernel dormancy period is long, seedling emergence is difficult. Therefore, hawthorn before sowing, the seed must be pre-processed in order to ensure its germination rate.

Field management

Deep ripening and soil improvement: tilling the soil in the garden or deep planing in the tree tray is an effective measure to conserve water, eliminate weeds, loosen the soil, improve soil permeability, improve soil fertility and promote root growth.

fertilize

Strip application, that is, in the row of horizontal furrow fertilization; When hawthorn roots have densely covered the whole garden, the fertilizer can be scattered on the ground, and then turned into the soil 20 cm deep; Acupoint application, that is, application of liquid fertilizer (human manure and urine), under the crown of the tree according to different directions, evenly dig 6 ~ 12, 30 ~ 40 cm deep acupoints into the fertilizer, and then the soil.

pruning

The pruning method of hawthorn fruit trees is the same as that of general fruit trees.

Winter pruning

To keep my head from going bald. As hawthorn is easy to branch outside, often make the periphery are closed, the growth of the bore branchlets weak, dead branches increase year by year, the middle and lower branches of all levels of gradually bare bald. The measures to prevent the inner bore bald should adopt the principle of thinning, shrinking and cutting, to reform and renew and rejuvenate, to eliminate the whorling of the backbone branches, the peripheral dense large branches and competing branches, the barren branches, the diseased and insect branches, the main and lateral branches that cut and weaken, the buds of appropriate parts are selected for small renewal, the healthy branch group is cultivated, the weak branches are re-cut and rejuvenate, and the bud of the bare part is cut and added.

Less truncation. Hawthorn into the fruiting period, where the growth of full shoots, the terminal bud and the following 1 ~ 4 buds, can be differentiated into flower buds, so in hawthorn pruning should be less use of truncation method, in order to protect flower buds.

Complex potential. Hawthorn entered the fruiting period, successive fruit for many years, resulting in branch droop, growth potential gradually weakened, backbone branches appear scorched, yield decline. Branch renewal should be carried out in time to restore tree strength. For the branches that bear fruit continuously for many years or other long branches, drooping branches, scorched branches, perennial bare branches, retracted to the strong branch at the back, and used the back branches to lead, so as to enhance the growth potential and promote the increase of yield.

Summer pruning

Thin branches. Hawthorn shoots the ability is strong, generally the top of the branch 2 ~ 3 lateral buds can be drawn strong branches, a lot of branches around the crown every year, so that the crown closed, ventilation and light is poor, should be removed as soon as possible improper location and too flourishing development branches. All branches of lateral bud germination in the lower part of inflorescence were removed to overcome the bare and bald middle and lower branches at all levels and prevent the outward migration of bearing parts.

Pull the branches. In summer, when the shoots with flourishing growth and space stop growing in late July, the shoots should be leveled to promote flowering and increase yield.

Pick the heart. In early to mid-May, when the inner branches of the crown grow to 30 ~ 40 cm, leave 20 ~ 30 cm to pick the heart to promote the formation of flower buds and cultivate compact groups of fruiting branches.

Ring stripping. Generally on the auxiliary branches, the width of the ring stripping is 1/10 of the thickness of the stripped branches.

water

In general, water is poured 4 times a year. In spring, water is poured 1 time after topdressing to promote the absorption and utilization of fertilizer. After flowering combined with topdressing watering, in order to improve fruit setting rate. Water the wheat once after harvesting to promote flower bud differentiation and rapid fruit growth. Pouring frozen water, in winter timely pouring frozen water, so that the tree body safety over winter.

Disease and pest control

Hawthorn insect mainly red spider, peach small food worm, peach moth borer, disease has wheel, powdery mildew.

To control red spider and peach moth borer, spray 2500 times to kill Saul from early May to early June.

In mid-June, 100 ~ 150 times parathion cream was sprayed on the tree to kill the overwintering larvae. In early July and early mid-August, 1500 times parathion cream was sprayed on the tree to kill the eggs of the insects and the larvae of the first fruit.

For the prevention and treatment of wheel-pattern, 80% carbendazim 800x solution should be sprayed one week after the flowers fall, and then the fungicide should be sprayed once in mid-June, late July and early mid-August.

Hawthorn orchard with severe powdery mildew disease was sprayed once before sprouted, and sprayed once in bud stage and June, 600 times 50% wettable carbendazim or 50% wettable tobuzine.